Equipments

Basic practices about FFG maintenance

1.Regular maintenanceOperators are responsible for daily maintenance, after each shift, a basic maintenance should be done everyday, and an overall maintenance should be done in every week. The main contents include: carefully check the use and operation of equipment, fill in the shift records, clean all parts of the equipment, regularly lubricate and tighten loose parts at any time. Adjust the equipment to eliminate all defects, check whether equipment parts are in full, whether workpieces, accessories are placed neatly.2.First level serviceFirst level service maintenance refers to the maintenance conducted mainly by operators, and guided by professional workers. This maintenance is suitable for a machine that has operated for one month( Two shifts ).Its main contents include:●Inspection, cleaning, adjusting electrical control parts.●Thoroughly clean, wipe off the outside of the equipment and check the inside of the equipment.●Check and adjust the parts of each operation and tranission mechani.●Check the oil pump, dredge the oil circuit, check the oil quality and quantity of the oil tank.●Clean or replace the oil-stained felt, oil line, remove the burr of each active surface.●Check and adjust all indicating instruments and safety protection devices.●Any machine fault and problems should be removed and leakage should be eliminated as well.The equipment should be achieved the following standards after first level maintenance:●A Clean and bright appearance●The oil circuit is clear and the oil window is bright●Flexible operation and normal operation●Safety protection and indicator should be in full and correction.Maintenance personnel should keep records on maintenance content, machine fault and hidden problems, test run results, trial production precision, running performance, etc.3.Second level serviceSecond level service is to maintain the technical condition of the equipment, mainly conducted by professional maintenance personnel, and operators assisted.It is mainly aimed at repairing or replacing the wear and tear parts of equipment. At the same time, the second level service should complete all the requirements of the first level maintenance, lubrication parts are required to clean, combined with the oil cycle to check the quality of lubricating oil, clean and change oil. Check the equipment's dynamic technical status and main accuracy (noise, vibration, temperature rise, oil pressure, ripple, surface roughness, etc.), adjust installation level, repair parts that its adjustment accuracy has deteriorated, calibration machine instrumentation, repair safety devices, cleaning and replacement of motor bearings etc.After second level maintenance, the required accuracy and performance can meet the process requirements, no oil leakage, no water leakage, no air leakage, and no electricity leakage. Sound, vibration, pressure, temperature rise are up to standard. Dynamic and static technical condition should be checked before and after the second level maintenance, , and carefully do maintenance records.

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Characteristics of intelligent FFG and the differences from conventional ones

1. Characteristics of FFGThe configuration of a complete intelligent FFG includes automatic paper feeder, flexo printing, automatic strapping machine and automatic stacker.The economic value of FFG is mainly reflected in the following aspects: The number of operators is relatively few, per capita output value is high, and the land area is less than the traditional printing model.Fixed FFG (change order without stop) can prepare printing plate and ink for next order in the production process, thus greatly reducing setup time. In addition, the fixed FFG can achieve rapid ink washing, automatic plate hanging, rapid template installation, only one person debugging 1-2 times, can the machine restore to normal operation, order memory is accurate. FFG is a very common printing equipment overseas. In recent years, the use in domestic market has also been rising. And there are the following 8 differences between intelligent FFG and conventional non-intelligent FFG.2.Differences from conventional FFG1).Labor varianceWhen it comes to intelligent equipment, the first thing that comes to the mind is manpower saving. For conventional FFG, 8 people are usually required. Among them, 4 people for printing process, and another 4 for gluing/stitching. But the intelligent FFG only needs 2 people in total, one for front section and one for back section. 2).Speed difference Intelligent FFG shows high efficiency and fast speed, which it is not incomparable to conventional FFG. For conventional FFG, 200 meters/min is a good level, while the intelligent FFG can easily reach 350 meters/min.3).Order change difference The order change time of using intelligent FFG will be greatly reduced. When using conventional FFG to change orders, we need to stop machine and then complete the plate hanging, ink washing, template installation etc., and at least 30 minutes needed. While the intelligent FFG can achieve non-stop plate hanging, fast ink washing and template installation, only 5 minutes for a order change, by contrast, the former is 6 times than that of the latter.4).Capacity differenceDue to the reduction of order change time and the improvement of production speed, the production capacity created by the intelligent FFG will be several times than that of the conventional FFG within the same production time. According to the comparison in the following table, the capacity of one set of intelligent FFG is equivalent to that of four sets of non-intelligent FFG. Under the same capacity, the number of staffs of intelligent FFG is only 1/16th of that of conventional FFG. 5).Output differenceIf order change 10 times a day, working 8 hours a day, 26 workdays a month, $0.28 for one piece of cardboard, the output value of each intelligent FFG will be over $10 million than the non-intelligent FFG.6). Manpower difference If the monthly salary for conventional FFG staff is $570 and the monthly salary for intelligent FFG staff is $857, then using intelligent FFG will save $2,800 per month and $34,000 per year. In addition, due to the adoption of FFG, working intensity is aller, working environment is better, so the staff is more stable and the management is easier.7).Differences in unit labor costsAn ordinary FFG, its monthly production capacity is about 936,000 sheets and the labor cost is about $4,500. The average labor cost per sheet of cardboard is $0.0004. While an intelligent FFG, its monthly production capacity of about 3.9 million sheets and the labor cost is about $1,714. The average labor cost per sheet of cardboard is $0.0004.8).Equipment input differenceIt takes about $2.14 million to buy a art FFG, including automatic paper feeder, automatic strapping machine and automatic stacker, while about $570,000 to buy a conventional FFG.(paper feeder, strapping machine and stacker are separated purchased ).However, the capacity of one set of intelligent FFG is equivalent to that of two sets of non-intelligent FFG, that is, to achieve the same capacity as one intelligent FFG, it needs to be equipped with 2 ordinary FFG and 2-3 automatic gluer and strapping machines.

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Daily spot inspection on FFG

This article will introduce FFG daily spot inspection. Spot check is very important and must be done every day. And all operators and repairmen must master. Spot inspection are suitable for paper feeding unit, printing unit, slotting unit, die cutting unit, and electrical inspection.1.Daily inspection on paper feeding unit.1).Whether the polished rod and the lead screw are clean and lubricated?2).Whether the feeding wheel wear or falling off? Whether there is debris retained?The paper feeding wheel used by many companies is made of two pieces, that is, the upper and lower half circles are combined. This kind of paper feeding wheel is most likely to fall off, but the two pieces of combined paper feeding wheel is more convenient for loading and unloading, so there are both advantages and disadvantages.3).Is the baffle operating normally?The front baffle, we mainly check whether the gap on both sides of the baffle is consistent. If the left and right gaps are not the same, the thick side of the paper went in, while the thin side is still blocked by the baffle. So the inconsistent baffle gap will affect the paper feeding.4).Is the fence parallel to the feeding platform?The fence must be parallel to the feeding platform. This paralleli can be measured by a dial indicator. It is recommended that every company should buy one as a common tool. The fence above the paper feeding wheel should be controlled so that the gap between the fence and the leading edge of the paper feeding wheel is consistent. If the gap is not right, the paper feeding wheel will get stuck if it is slightly skew.In addition to the above four points, we should also check whether there is gap deviation on the both sides of the feeding whee, feeding wheel gap paralleli deviation should be ≦ 0.1mm, check with a feeler gauge. The rear baffle is the same, with a paralleli deviation of ≦1mm.2.Daily inspection on printing unit.1).The ink pump should work normallyWe should first check the pressure, the general pressure control in 6-8 kg, in many factories, because the ink pump pressure is not enough, the ink leakage, and the production can not be carried out, as we have to stop to clean the machine.2).No blockage in ink reclaiming pipeInk tube is generally washed not very clean, often blocked, so before starting to check whether it is blocked, otherwise the ink reclaiming is not too much after the ink pump running a while.3).Inspection of couplingA coupling is a cross coupling, and there is a universal joint coupling. If something goes wrong with the coupling, the drive is not working properly.4).Check if the closed up slot is clean and lubricated.5).Check whether the containment blade keeps cleanThe sponge should be replaced in time if wear and tear. If the doctor is not clean, the printed product will have an obvious mark.3.Daily inspection on scoring and slotting. 1).Knife holder, lead screw rod and polished rod shall not be stained.2).Whether the wear pin is excessively worn.3).The slotting knife should be firmly fixed on the knife base. The equipment will vibrate during operation. The loosening screws may cause the slotting knife to fly out and damage the equipment.4).Scoring wheel must not have ink residue. The maintenance for scoring wheel is not that frequent, so we should do check regularly. It is because the scoring wheel goes wrong, the cardboard after production having ink stain or scoring cracks. Because of the scoring cracks concern, a lot of tape will be wrapped on the scoring wheel, if the tape on both sides are uneven, it will cause one side crushed, while another is not.A lot of scoring cracks is simply because the pressure is not adjusted well. Or the pre-creasing is not properly adjusted. You can wrap tape on the pre-creasing wheel instead of scoring wheel. Some people believe it's because the paper is dry, but even if the paper is dry, it usually won't cause scoring cracks under the right pressure. Therefore, the pre-creasing wheel should be adjusted rather than scoring wheel in dealing with the scoring cracks.5).Do not leave residue in the slotting unit.6).Check the copper scrape fork. Clean up the paper scraps, or it may block the knife, once blocked, the scraps will not come out, stuck in the slot of the bottom knife. If seriously, it may damage the slotting knife, or even cause equipment accidents. If it is inline, it will cause more trouble.4.Daily inspection on die - cutting unit. 1).Paper pulling wheel inspection. Pay attention to check whether the wear - resistant copper wear off, if wear off, it should be replaced. Whether the shaft surface is clean, and the screw rod and polish rod is clean.2).Check the cutter die. First to listen if any unusual sounds. Because the die-cutting unit is a pressure equipment, especially components like bearings, gear will go wrong easily. Secondly to see if the knife anvil warped, because the knife anvil is made of PU or plastic, which is easy to warp. This part needs special inspection.Finally, to see if there is dust in the close up screw hole.5.ConclusionDaily inspection is not complicated in general, but the key is to insist doing everyday. It is recommended that to make a daily inspection form for reference.

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What’s the different between Flexography, lithography and digital printing ?

Flexography, lithography and digital are the three basic printing technologies used to applygraphics to corrugated boxes. The purpose of this research is to identify the primary cost driversof selection of a particular process to print corrugated boxes. Flexo post-sheet, flexo pre-print, litho-lamination, and litho-labeling are the four processes traditionally used to print corrugatedboxes. Digital printing processes have been recently introduced to the industry.This research explores the estimated cost of producing a printed corrugated box using thetraditional processes with special emphasis on the relative cost of low volume printing. Itcompares the direct and indirect cost in a cost structure, process drivers in adoption of a printingprocess and the closest compe to digital printing. Cost estimation results reveal that volumeis one of the primary drivers in the selection of a printing process, if the primary criterion forselection is the unit cost of production. ?Quality and speed are the other process drivers. For allthe traditional processes, fixed direct cost is a big part of total cost as opposed to variable directcost for short volume of up to 1500 units. Due to this reason digital printing is very cost effectivein low volume up to 500 units. When cost, quality, and speed are taken into consideration, theprocess that is most similar to digital printing is litho-labeling. Additionally, digital printingoffers other benefits such as customized printing or variable data printing. Flexography (Flexo) Flexo printing is like a “very sophisticated rubber stamp.”This type of printing process prints easily on rough materials like corrugated and ooth materials like coated liners. Good printing speeds and fairly quick set-up time make this a popular and dominate choice for printing on corrugated. Flexo is great for printing on shipper boxes and primary retail packaging. it is often best used to print non-photo quality images using PMS colors instead of 4 color process,as the PMS colors tend to be deeper and more vibrant. The following box uses flexo direct printing onto coated corrugated board.Notice there are non photo quality images in the artwork. Flexo does great with these types of graphics. Not only does this corrugated packaging offer better strength than a standard folding carton box, but the wholesome rustic look suits this product well.When using corrugated for primary retails packaging, it is often desirable to use litho label for eye-catching colors and amazing graphics quality. However this doesn’t always have to be the case as flexo can print photo quality images and do a pretty good job at it . The next image below shows excellent flexographic print directly onto coated(white)corrugated board. The print quality is not nearly as sharp and vibrant as a litho label would have been, but the quality there is still very good for less money than a litho label. Offset lithography (Litho) This print quality is excellent and quite cost effective for high volumes. However ,lithograghic printing predominately used for printing on labels (Called litho labels)which are then glued to the corrugated box, as opposed to any kind of direct litho printing on corrugated boxes. Litho is used if you want stunning photo realistic images as well as foil stamping, embossing, spot gloss or any otherexterior embellishments. Here is an example of a beautiful litho label with a foil stamp on a corrugated retail box.A litho label often times covers the entire box, but is doesn’t nescessarily have to. below is an example of a “spot litho label”. This is where the litho label only covers a portion of the box, while the top of the box, in this case, is direct printedusing flexo. This approach still looks great and can save money.Lithograghy generally come with a higher price tag(unless ordering massive volumes)and tooling, such as printing plates, can be expensive(just like with flexo) which, of course, need to be remade if artwork changes. Digital Printing Digital presses are not unlike digital printers used in homes, And since they use digital files,there is no need for expensive printing plates. There is also virtually no setup required. Digital printing offers higher quality graphics than flexo, and low volumes are ideal, speedy and cost effective. Digital printing is no joke – look at how gorgeous this digitally printed POP display is. This is a direct digital print on E-flute corrugated board. At the moment, digital printing is mostly practical for short runs: test marketing, production shortages, trade show samples etc. But as we all have seen, technology continues to get better and cheaper. It is inevitable that digital printing will one day be the dominate printing method making flexo, litho and all the rest obsolete. Printing speeds will continually increase, quality will became preeminent, and costs will get lower and lower for both high and low volumes.

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How to calculate the Flexo printing cost accurately?

Flexo printing Cost component contentThis section shows the cost calculation breakdowns for producing different quantities of a 10” x 10” x 10” 200-B RSC corrugated box for a print job using the flexo post-print process. We estimated the total cost of manufacturing in various batch sizes and the computed price for each unit, which includes a profit of 10% (reduced to 6% for bulk orders). The batch sizes are 1, 10,50, 100, 500, 1500, 20,000 and 100,000 print orders. Table 4 shows the results with details about all the direct and indirect costs incurred in the production process.Flexo post-sheet cost estimation for different print quantities.The total cost is calculated as the sum of direct cost and indirect cost. Direct costs include paperboard, ink, printing plates and dies. Paperboard cost includes the cost of corrugation. These costs can be traced to each unit of output. In direct cost, two types of costs are involved, fixed direct cost and variable direct costs and are classified depending upon the print volume. All the paperboard, printing plate, ink and cutting-dies are the fixed direct cost up to a print run of 1500 and they do not change with the print volume up to certain quantity. Whereas, paperboard andink become variable direct cost as they do change with the number of prints unlike printing plateand cutting-dies for a print run of 1500 or more. For example, a run size of 100,000 units will require 5 times as much paper board and ink as a run size of 20,000 units but same printing plate and cutting-dies can be used for both cases. Indirect cost includes all the overhead costs, which cannot be traced to each unit but areallocated using the BHR (budgeted hourly rate) as mentioned earlier in Chapter 3. Productionand labor costs are indirect costs. They are related to operating the machine as well as the laborincurred during the flexo-folder-gluer operation. The rationale of production and labor cost as anindirect cost is that specialized labor is involved in manufacturing and set-up. These workers arenot daily wages or employed on a piece rate system, but are hired on long-term labor contract of 3-5 years on average.We estimated machine running cost, machine set-up cost and labor cost involved in the production and set-up of machine using the Amtech Software. The cost estimates assume that the machine used for production was a Martin Midline flexo-folder-gluer. A BHR for the machine was already loaded in the software, which includes as a BHR library for different machines used in the industry. Indirect cost also includes all other manufacturing overhead such as machine depreciation and machine maintenance, selling overhead such as sales commissions and sales samples, and administrative overhead costs such as human resource, accounting and governance cost.Direct and indirect cost constitutes the total cost. Table 5 and figure 8 show themagnitude of direct cost, indirect cost and total cost per unit for different batch sizes for the flexo post-sheet process, in terms of price per unit. For example, table 5 shows that direct cost for 1 unit is $2,340, so the direct cost per unit forunit quantities is $234. Price/unit cost for direct, indirect and total cost for different print quantities for flexo post-sheet Price/unit cost for direct, indirect and total cost for different print quantities for flexo post-sheet shows that fixed direct cost is a big part of the total cost for quantities up to 1,500. Due to this reason, it is very difficult for flexo post-print process to manufacture and print all prints runs economically. At 1,500 runs or higher, direct fixed cost is distributed over a large quantity and does not affect the price per unit substantially. At higher print volumes, variable direct cost is a big part of the total cost. It shows that substantial magnitudes of total cost are direct cost. This makes the direct cost highly sensitive to total cost. Figure 9 below shows the zoom in view of 500 units or higher.Closer view of the price/unit cost for direct, indirect and total cost for 500 units or higher for flexo post-sheet The price to the customer per box is the sum of direct cost, indirect cost and profit. A standard 10% profit margin is added to the cost up to 1,500 prints and the profit margin is reduced to 6% for bulk orders. Price per unit is calculated by dividing the total “Price to customer’ by the number of units produced. Assumptions about volume discounts were made in the cost estimation to closely nrepresent industry data. These assumptions were based on interviews with industry professionals.Bulk discounts of 10% and 15% are applied to the paperboard cost for quantities of 20,000 and100,000 respectively. A 20% ink discount is applied for quantities of 20,000 and 100,000. A 10% labor discount is applied to quantities of 100,000 quantities and higher. It is clear from the results that as the size of the print order increases, the cost per unit decreases.The reason for the decrease in cost is that as volume increases, several fixed cost and overheads are distributed over a larger number of units, and hence the cost per unit decreases. The result also shows that the flexo-folder-gluer is most cost efficient at 20,000 prints or higher compared to other processes. For example, at 1,500 units, the price per unit is $2.45 which substantially higher than the unit cost of $0.51 for 20,000 units. The overall price is cheaper than litho lamination; however, flexo post-sheet does not provide the quality of lithography.

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Analyze the whole process of Flexo post-Sheet printing in details

Flexo post-sheet printing is the most common process in which the combined corrugated board is printed directly. It is typically used in the flexo-folder-gluer which is a corrugated boxmaking machine. The machine has the capability of one-pass multi-color flexographic printing,scoring, slotting, die-cutting, folding and gluing the manufacturer’s joint. Corrugated blanks that have been scored in the cross flute direction in the “sheet plant” are loaded on the feeding side of the machine. A printed, folded and joint glued box comes out on the delivery side of the machine.The unique thing about the flexography printing process is that it can print directly on the corrugated board. Digital printing is the only other process which can print directly on corrugated board. Flexography is simple, fast and economical.Flexographic printing produces a lower quality image compared to lithographic anddigital printing. Among all the processes, flexography post-sheet printing has the lowest quality(Barnes 2011). Flexographic printing has lower resolution than litho process. The printing resolution for flexography is about 48 lines/cm (120 lpi) using conventional production methods, as compared to 60-120 lines/cm (150 up to 300 lpi) for the litho process (Kipphan 2001). The corrugated board has an uneven surface due to the flutes which makes the board surface difficult to print and results in a “washboard effect”. Furthermore, the brown color of kraft paper does not reflect colors well as white paper does and cannot offer vivid color, and pressure at the nip weakens the board by crushing the flutes of the board.Research conducted at Rochester Institute of technology confirmed the reduction in compression strength of a corrugated box printed with flexo post-print process. A reduction in compression strength from 2% to 24% was noticed in flexo post-printed boxes when compared to flexo pre-printed boxes printed with different combination of thick and thin plates and one color and three colors printed. 24% reduction in compression strength was noticed after testing 15 corrugated boxes printed in three colors with a thick printing plate. According to the research, flexographic printing plates can be classified as thick plates and thin plates. Plates thicker and thinner than 0.250” are called thick plates and thin plates respectively. A 17% decrease in compression was noted between the boxes printed thick printing plates versus thin printing plate.A further 11% reduction in compression strength resulted between one color and three colors printing using a 0.250” thick plate (Sriratbunterng 1998).The flexographic printing process has a resilient relief printing plate made of rubber or photopolymer which enables printing on rough and wavy corrugated surfaces. Flexography was developed in order to print on uneven surfaces such as corrugated board using a rubber stamp mechani. The printing plate act as rubber stamp and accepts ink from an anilox roller and transfers it to the substrate by the pressure of the impression cylinder. Figure 1: Flexographic Printing Process As shown in Figure 1, the print station is the housing unit for impression cylinder,platecylinder, anilox roller and ink fountain. A flexo-folder-gluer can have any number of print stations for a multi-color printing job but most new machines have three to five color capabilities(Perkins 2000, Schnell 2000). The main parts of a print station are:1 Ink Supply System2 Anilox Roller3 Printing Plate and Cylinder4 Impression Cylinder..1 Ink Supply System Automatic ink supply systemThe ink supply system applies ink to the printing plate. Water based inks are used in this process which have a tendency of drying quickly, so a continuous supply of ink is maintained to the anilox roller. Ink is supplied in pails which act as a reservoir of the ink. A pump assembly is used to transfer ink from the pail to the ink pan. The ink pan holds a all quantity of a continuous supply of ink. A part of anilox roller submersed in the ink pan and picks up the ink from there. A doctor blade wipes off the extra ink picked by the anilox roller and makes an even layer of ink on the anilox roller.Controlling the viscosity of the ink is very critical for the printing process. Naturally, ink viscosity increases during normal operation. The cost of printing can go up if high viscosity inks are used on the press. Water is added to balance the viscosity of the ink. Water caused the ink pH to go down, so a proper mixture of water and amines are used to adjust the ink viscosity and pH.2 Anilox Roller The anilox roller is the most important part in the inking system. It controls the inkmetering process and supplies an even film thickness to the plate cylinder. It is made of steel and is chrome plated or ceramic coated to improve the life and performance of the roll. For more stiffness and lighter weight, carbon fiber anilox rolls are also used. These rollers are about 40%- 60% lighter in weight compared to conventional steel rollers (Perkins 2000, Schnell 2000). Anilox rollers have tiny engraved cells on its entire surface along the length of the roll.These cells are so all that generally they cannot be seen with the naked eye and even cannot be felt by sliding one’s hand on the surface of the roll. These tiny cells carry ink from the ink pan to the plate cylinder.In order to change the color on an ink station or to halt the machine for a longer period of time, the ink station has to be cleaned. Water based inks has the tendency to dry very quickly on the anilox roller. Dried ink is hard to clean and increases the set-up and change-over time. After every run of the machine, immediately, a flexo cleaner is circulated through the inking system. The cleaner is a mixture of mild detergent and warm water having a temperature range of 100 – 140 ?F (Perkins 2000, Schnell 2000).3 Printing Plate and CylinderThe printing cylinder is made of steel and holds the rubber printing plate. It serves as a host to the printing plate to facilitate the ink transfer from the printing plate to the substrate. Printing plates are made of rubber or photopolymer. Rubber plates are made by curing natural or synthetic rubber in a mold. Whereas commonly used photopolymers plates are made up of a light sensitive material. The image is developed by exposing the plate to ultra violet light through a photographic negative. When light hits the photopolymer plate, the image area is hardened and the non-image areas remain soft and dissolve out in a developing solution. The image areas remain in the relief form and hence only image areas accept the ink and transfer it to the substrate.Another method of making a flexo printing plate is by laser engraving. A computercontrolled laser engraves the image on the plate. These plates offer unmatched qualitycomparable to the gravure printing process but because of its high cost of production, they are not common in use. (Perkins 2000, Schnell 2000)Once the printing plate is ready, it is mounted on the printing cylinder using differentmechani depending on the machine manufacturer. One common method involves using double sided tapes to mount printing plate to the printing cylinder. Once the printing station is ready, operator adjusts the slotting and scoring section of the machine. In order for the box to get its shape, the box blank has to be scored in both vertical and horizontal directions. Flexo-foldergluer is designed to score only in one direction. Scoring in other direction is done at corrugated blank manufacturing plant. Hence, flexo-folder-gluer receives blanks already scored in one direction. In the slotter/scorer section of the machine, blank is scored to create four body panels of the box, slotted to create top and bottom flaps and create the manufacturer joint to join the box to the fourth panel. Set up of the slotter/scorer section can me manual, semi-automatic and fully automatic. Multiple male and female scoring heads are mounted on two shafts of the flexo-folder gluer machine in the slotting/scoring section. As the blank passes through these shafts, the scoring head creates a crease or score on the blank. The profile of scoring head and the pressure between the male and female scoring heads defines the quality of the score. Immediately after scoring, blank passes through another pair of shafts loaded with male and female slotting heads. These heads trim the outside edges of the blank; create top and bottom flaps and a manufacturer joint.After all the printing, scoring and slotting action, blank enters into the folder gluersection. In this section, blank is folded to fasten manufacturer joint to box using glue application. Folding of the blank is done by adjustable folding rods and belts with steel rails. Adhesive is applied to secure manufacturer joint to the box. Adhesive application is either done by nozzles or a wheel glue applicator. At this point, the corrugated box is ready in a knock down position. The box moves further to the delivery section where multiple knocked down boxes are stacked up and strapped together to ship to the warehouse.4 Impression CylinderThe substrate is pressed between the impression and printing cylinder. The impressioncylinder provides counter-pressure to the printing cylinder necessary to transfer ink from the printing plate to the substrate. It is also made up of steel and rotates at the same speed as the printing cylinder

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The Impact of Environmental Humidity on Corrugated Board and Carton Strength

1. Corrugated Board Corrugated board is glued by box board and corrugated original paper, which is a composite board used to manufacture corrugated cardboard box. Raw materials of corrugated board are mostly plant fiber raw materials, although different in types, its chemical composition is mostly cellulose, hemi cellulose, lignin and a all amount of starch, pectin, resin, etc., and cellulose is the primary chemical composition of plant fiber, accounting for more than 50% of all kinds of paper raw materials. Cellulose is a polymer compound, generated by glucose polymerization, each glucose radical ring contains 3 alcohol hydroxyl groups, so that cellulose molecules and molecules have a strong hydrogen bond, cellulose is very easy to absorb water and swelling, the fiber internal cell wall structure becomes relaxed, cohesion decreases. This is the micro-reason that corrugated carton are sensitive to humidity changes .Therefore, the variety of environmental humidity will have a great impact on the performance of corrugated board. 2.Corrugated board strength under different humidity conditions (1) . Experimental EquipmentConstant temperature and humidity box, corrugated board cutting device, electronic compression tester, a test equipment used for corrugated board edge pressure strength and adhesion strength , piercing strength tester, used for corrugated board piercing strength .(2). Experimental MethodsThe experimental raw material is AB five-layer corrugated board provided by carton factory, with an average thickness of 8.00mm. Sampling is conducted according to GB/T 450-1979. Test specimen under temperature is 20 ℃, humidity is 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% respectively under the condition of 24 h, according to the GB/T 6546-1998 corrugated cardboard marginal pressure strength measurement, GB/T 6548-1998 corrugated cardboard gluing strength measurement and GB/T 2679.7-2005 board puncture strength measuring method.(3). Experimental ResultsTest the edge pressure strength, adhesion strength and puncture strength of corrugated board under different humidity conditions. The experimental data are shown in table 1. (4). Analysis of ResultFrom the data of table 1, it can be seen that the edge pressure strength and adhesive strength of corrugated board decrease with the increase of environmental humidity; When the relative humidity is 20% ~ 60%, the puncture strength increases with the increase of humidity, and decreases when the relative humidity exceeds 60%. When the relative humidity increased from 20% to 40%, the strength decreased significantly, and the relative humidity decreased by 16.4%. When the relative humidity increased from 60% to 80%, the adhesive strength decreased by 18.5%, and the puncture strength increased by 775% when the relative humidity increased from 20% to 40%. Environmental humidity on corrugated carton strength 1. Corrugated carton compression strength under different humidity conditionsCorrugated box compressive strength is mainly affected by corrugated board edge compression strength and adhesion strength. In different humidity conditions, corrugated board edge compression strength is obviously different, therefore, corrugated box compressive strength is also affected by environmental humidity. The compressive strength of corrugated cartons under different humidity conditions is shown in table 2. As shown from the data in table 2, the compressive strength of corrugated cartons decreases with the increase of environmental humidity. This is because as the rise of environmental humidity, the moisture content of paper board is increase, the cellulose in corrugated board became loose after absorption of moisture, and moisture absorption rate of linerboard and inner linerboard are different , resulting in different rate in the process of the pressure on the deformation, so the compressive strength of corrugated carton decreased as the rise of environmental humidity. Corrugated carton no matter in production or in the process of circulation will be affected by the environmental humidity. Therefore, reasonable control in the production, warehouse storage and environmental humidity during transportation, will have a positive impact on the use of corrugated board, carton. In addition, the production of corrugated board raw materials with moisture, moisture resistance agent has gradually become a developing direction to a new type corrugated cardboard box .

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How to Plan Corrugated Carton Production Factory-Waste paper& Wastewater Treatment

Outline of Manufacturing Process and Materials UtilizedThe manufacture of corrugated packaging can be roughly classified into two processes: the containerboard combining process, which glues one or more sheets of fluted corrugating medium to one or more flat facings of linerboard; and the box manufacturing process, which is used to assemble the corrugated sheets into boxes. Figure 1 depicts the typical manufacturing process flow and the auxiliary facilities that are used at a corrugated packaging plant.Figure 1 Overview of Manufacturing Process Flow for Corrugated Packaging Wastewater Treatment Process(1) Discharge Routes for Wastewater and WastesAlthough actual discharge routes for wastewater and wastes from the container board combining process (corrugator) and the box-manufacturing process (printing / gluing processes only) will vary, depending upon the facilities and geographic conditions available to each particular corrugated packaging manufacturer (discharge into rivers or sewers), a typical flow is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5 Discharge Routes for Wastewater and Wastes * “Glue balls” are lumps of gelatinized combining adhesive within the glue vat, caused by excessive ambient heat. (2) Wastewater Treatment MethodsThe wastewater generated by plants that manufacture corrugated packaging can be classified into the following categories: household wastewater /domestic wastewater; rainwater; wastewater from clean up of combining adhesive (corrugator and glue making machine) and wastewater from cleanup of printing ink and joint adhesive. Household wastewater / domestic wastewater and wastewater from processes containing substances designated by the PRTR system, except for rainwater, are generally treated through a combination of several methods listed in Table 3.Table 3 Types of Wastewater Treatment Methods2. Class I Designated Chemical Substances Contained within Materials andEnergies Utilized in the Corrugated Packaging IndustryTable 4 indicates the major Class I Designated Chemical Substances contained in the materials and energies utilized for the manufacture of corrugated packaging, which have been investigated by the member companies of Japan Corrugated Case Association (JCCA).Table 4 Major Class I Designated Chemical Substances Contained in Materials and 3. Corresponding Class I Designated Chemical SubstancesThe list of Class I Designated Chemical Substances shown in Table 5, below, was prepared from the general usage examples obtained as a result of an investigation conducted at 121 of JCCA member companies’ plants. These chemical substances comprise 1% or greater of the particular product, which itself is handled in annual quantities that may exceed 1 ton. In addition, these chemical substances may result in the release of dioxins from designated facilities, as stipulated by the Law Concerning Special Measures against Dioxins(for corrugated packaging plants, such designated facilities would be all incinerators). For chemical substances other than those listed in the table, the MSDS should be obtained, in order to confirm whether such chemical substances are subject to reporting. Table 5 List of Corresponding Class I Designated Chemical SubstancesIn addition, there are certain types of flexo inks (currently, flexo inks are utilized most commonly) that contain approximately 2% of the Class I Designated Chemical Substances shown in the aforementioned Table 4. However, as the quantities of these particular inks used (10 kg and less) are far less than the quantities specified by the law (1 t or more), these flexo inks are not subject to reporting. Quick drying inks have been designated as products that are subject to reporting. Regardless of the particular type or color of these inks, they all contain a relatively large percentage of ethylene glycol, which is a Class I Designated Chemical Substance, as a primary ingredient in the solvent. In addition, there is a strong possibility that the annual quantities handled will exceed 1 ton. --If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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How to Improve the Folding Effect of the Carton when it is Produced by FFG (In-line Printing Slotting Folder Gluer) ?

This time we would like to discuss folding a typical RSC (FEFCO 0201). The first thing to realise is that a box with a print defect can still be used for packing goods, but a box with a folding defect gives problems on a packing line. It’s therefore critically important that boxes meet dimensional specifications and tolerances. When did you last check the alignment of your FFG, in particular the feeder relative to the slotting section and folding section?Do you know how many boxes are used during set-up?Are your customers happy with your folding quality?Do you have any idea about the impact on box compression strength when producing an RSC on a machine that is not properly aligned? The problemTo understand the problems of manufacturing an RSC, we’ve produced two drawings. What you could do is put on your copier and copy the two images. Preferably enlarge them so that one image fits on a full A4 sheet. Next, cut them out and fold them over the folding lines, as is done on the FFG. What you will notice is that the following image will result in a perfectly folded, flat box with no fishtailing and that the lead edge and trail edge gap are the same size.In the next image, I simulated the box being fed skewed. If you cut it out and fold, you will see what happens. Think also about what happens in the squaring section after folding or adding side trim. It all only gets worse!After folding you will see panel misalignment and gap differences(Red Zone).What can you do? It all starts with doing a controlled test combining printing and the FFG. This makes it possible to measure the feeding of the board against the printing and the slotting of the board against the printing. Then we apply maths, which will present the results as if there was no printing done. We also measure the lead and trail edge gap and the fishtailing of the folded box. The feeding of the board is measured in the print direction and in cross print direction. This data will later be used to correct the resulting gaps and fishtailing. We can do the same with the collected slot data. The following graphs show feeding results.It’s critically important that boxes meet dimensional specifications and tolerances. Do we really understand the impact of producing a box on a machine that is not in perfect production condition? Next we measure the slot positions. The following images are the results:Note the skew for all three slots. It differs from slot to slot. Imagine what impact this must have on the resulting folded box. The slot depth can be measured. Here are the results for the centre slot.The last step is to measure the folding results in terms of panel alignment (fishtailing) and gap. The following graph shows the panel alignment measurements (fishtailing) and how it can be corrected for the skew caused by the feeding of the board.Note that the data corrected for the feed error print direction and cross print direction centre around “0”. The lead and trail edge gap was measured and corrected for the cross print direction and print direction feed as well as the slot position.Notice that if we correct for the feeding and slotting error, then the gap starts to vary around its nominal value. This indicates that all systematic folding errors originate from how we feed the board into the machine and how we slot it. It is very unlikely that this can be corrected by using a side trim knife. Best to avoid the additional waste! RecommendationIf you want to reduce your set-up waste and improve your folding quality, then it might be best to start by checking the alignment of your machine, in particular the feeding section and the slotting heads. It will probably help you to produce boxes faster, of higher quality and with less waste. --If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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Treatment of Contaminants - Dioxins

Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / TransferredIn general, the quantities of corresponding Class I Designated Chemical Substances released and transferred can be calculated using either the actual values or the measured values, as obtained by each company. However, in the event that these numeric values are difficult to determine, then it is acceptable to utilize either: industry average values, nominal values or the standard values set by machine manufacturers (the numeric values in red font), as listed in Table 6.(The particular values utilized must be clearly stated.)Table 6 Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / TransferredNote: Actual quantities for each company must be utilized for the following: quantities of wastewater produced from other processes (m3 / day); quantities of materials handled (such as adhesives and ink); number of days of operation;and number of print color change operations. Dioxins[Calculation Procedures]①Annual quantity of dioxins in exhaust gases released= quantity of exhaust gases* × measured quantity of dioxins in exhaust gases ×number of daily hours operation × number of days operation②Annual quantity of dioxins in incinerated ashes transferred= quantity of incinerated ashes released × measured quantity of dioxins inincinerated ashes[Calculation Examples]<Input Data for Calculations>*TEQ: As a variety of different dioxins are produced, the quantity of dioxins has beenconverted tothetoxicequivalencespecifiedby2,3,7,8tetrachlorinateddibenzo-para-dioxin.<Calculation Results>①Annual quantity of dioxins in exhaust gases released= 1,180×2.0×10-6 × 8 × 20 × 12 = 4.53mg-TEQ / year②Annual quantity of dioxins in exhaust gases released= 21 × 10 6 × 1.1 × 10-6 = 23.1 mg － TEQ / year--If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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Treatment of Contaminants - Ethylene Glycol

Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / TransferredIn general, the quantities of corresponding Class I Designated Chemical Substances released and transferred can be calculated using either the actual values or the measured values, as obtained by each company. However, in the event that these numeric values are difficult to determine, then it is acceptable toutilize either: industry average values, nominal values or the standard values setby machine manufacturers (the numeric values in red font), as listed in Table 6.(The particular values utilized must be clearly stated.)Table 6 Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / Transferred Note: Actual quantities for each company must be utilized for the following: quantities of wastewater produced from other processes (m3 / day); quantities of materials handled (such as adhesives and ink); number of days of operation; and number of print color change operations.Ethylene Glycol Shown below are the flows for the release and transfer of ethylene glycol.Ethylene glycol is contained in the quick drying inks used during the conversion process and is present in wastewater subject to treatment. The quantities both released and transferred can be calculated by following the procedures described below.Figure 10 Flows for Ethylene Glycol Released and TransferredThe methods used for the cleaning and final treatment of printers that utilize quick drying inks will vary, depending upon the characteristics of the inks and the specifications of each machine. Therefore, the various treatment methods are classified as shown in (1) - (3), below.(1) Wipe-off Method: used for conventional roll transfer type printers and conventional spray type printers. After excess ink has been wiped off the printers with waste cloths, the materials used for cleaning are disposed of as industrial waste.(2) Industrial Waste Treatment Method for Waste Liquids: the waste inks resulting from color change processes and the wastewater from ink clean up are stored indrums, then disposed of as industrial waste, as is.(3) Wastewater Treatment Method: the printing process utilizes washable quick drying inks. After wastewater is treated by a standard wastewater treatments ystem, the wastewater is separated into liquid wastewater and solid waste. Inthe event that an activated sludge treatment is performed as a tertiary treatment,then the wastewater will be fully broken down into water and carbon dioxide.Therefore, the quantity of ethylene glycol released will be "0". Annual quantity handled Annual quantity released or transferred [Calculation Procedures]①Quantity of ethylene glycol handled = annual quantity of quick drying inkhandled × ethylene glycol content②Wipe-off Method: quantity of ethylene glycol transferred in waste= quantity of waste per color / cleaning operation × number of daily color changes×number of days of operation③Industrial Waste Treatment Method for Waste Liquids: quantity of ethyleneglycol transferred in waste = quantity of waste per color / cleaning operation× number of daily color changes× number of days of operation④Wastewater Treatment Method: quantity of ethylene glycol released towastewater = quantity of waste per color / cleaning operation × number ofdaily color changes × number of days of operation [Calculation Examples]<Input Data for Calculations>Note: Figures in red font represent industry average values / nominal values- Quantity of ink handled: 6,000 kg / year (wipe-off type: 3,500 kg / year)- Ethylene glycol content: 30%- Quantity of ink per disposal, per color: ② 350 g / disposal; ③ 50 g / disposal;④ 126 g / disposal- Number of color changes: 40 changes / day (wipe-off type: 20 changes / day)- Number of days of operation: 20 days × 12 months = 240 days / year<Calculation Results>①Quantity of ethylene glycol handled = 6,000 kg / year × 0.3 (3,500× 0.3) = 1,800 kg / year (1,050 kg / year)②Wipe-off Method: quantity of ethylene glycol transferred in waste = (350 /1,000 ) × 0.3 × 20 × 20 × 12 = 504 kg / year③Industrial Waste Treatment Method for Waste Liquids: quantity of ethyleneglycol transferred in waste = (50 / 1,000 ) × 0.3 × 40 × 20 × 12 = 144kg /year④Wastewater Treatment Method: quantity of ethylene glycol released towastewater = (126 / 1,000 ) × 0.3 × 40 × 20 × 12 = 363 kg /yearNote: In the event that the wastewater from procedure ④, above, receives tertiary treatment using an activated sludge treatment method, then complete decomposition would occur. Therefore, the quantity of ethylene glycolreleased would be determined as "0". If the wastewater is not treated using an activated sludge treatment method, then a slight amount of ethylene glycolwill be transferred along with the residual water, to the dehydrated waste(although most of the ethylene glycol is released to the wastewater itself).This miniscule quantity of transferred ethylene glycol is difficult to measureand is estimated as being only a few % of the entire quantity released.Therefore, for the purposes of the calculations above, the entire quantity ofethylene glycol is considered as being released to the wastewater, with none ofit being transferred to the dehydrated waste. --If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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Treatment of Contaminants - Xylene

Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / TransferredIn general, the quantities of corresponding Class I Designated Chemical Substances released and transferred can be calculated using either the actual values or the measured values, as obtained by each company. However, in the event that these numeric values are difficult to determine, then it is acceptable to utilize either: industry average values, nominal values or the standard values set by machine manufacturers (the numeric values in red font), as listed in Table 6.(The particular values utilized must be clearly stated.)Table 6 Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / Transferred Note: Actual quantities for each company must be utilized for the following: quantities of wastewater produced from other processes (m3 / day); quantities of materials handled (such as adhesives and ink); number of days of operation; and number of print color change operations. Xylene Shown below are the flows for the xylene released. Xylene is contained in the joint adhesives used during the conversion process and is also used as an additive for boiler fuel. The quantity released can be calculated by following the procedures described below. Figure 7 Flows for Xylene Released [Calculation Procedures] Annual quantity handled Annual quantity released or transferred ①Annual quantity of xylene handled＝ annual quantity of kerosene handled × density × xylene content ＋ annual quantity of joint adhesive handled × xylene contentNote: 99.5% of xylene contained in kerosene is decomposed through combustion.The entire quantity of xylene contained in joint adhesives for combining is released to the atmosphere during the drying process.②Quantity of xylene released to atmosphere = Quantity of xylene in kerosene ×+ non-decomposition rate + annual quantity of joint adhesives handled ×xylene content[Calculation Examples]<Input Data for Calculations> <Calculation Results>①Annual quantity of xylene handled = 9,240* + 22,000 × 0.05 = 10,340 kg②Quantity of xylene released to atmosphere = 9,240 × 0.005 + 22,000 kg / year× 0.05= 1,146 kg / year--If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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Treatment of Contaminants - Toluene

Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / TransferredIn general, the quantities of corresponding Class I Designated Chemical Substances released and transferred can be calculated using either the actual values or the measured values, as obtained by each company. However, in the event that these numeric values are difficult to determine, then it is acceptable to utilize either: industry average values, nominal values or the standard values set by machine manufacturers (the numeric values in red font), as listed in Table 6.(The particular values utilized must be clearly stated.)Table 6 Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / Transferred Note: Actual quantities for each company must be utilized for the following: quantities of wastewater produced from other processes (m3 / day); quantities of materials handled (such as adhesives and ink); number of days of operation; and number of print color change operations. Toluene Figure 8 Flows for Toluene Released The flow of toluene released from joint adhesives used during the conversion process is the same as the flow of xylene described in section 2, above). Annual quantity handled Annual quantity released or transferred [Calculation Procedures]①Annual quantity of toluene handled=②Quantity released to atmosphere = Annual quantity of joint adhesive handled × Toluene content[Calculation Examples]<Input Data for Calculations>Annual quantity of joint adhesive handled: 22,000 kg / yearToluene content in joint adhesive: 5%<Calculation Results>①Annual quantity of toluene handled = 22,000 kg / year × 0.05 = 1,100 kg / year=1.1 t / year②Quantity of toluene released to atmosphere = 22,000 kg / year × 0.05= 1,100 kg / year = 1.1 t / year --If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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Treatment of Contaminants - Di-n-butyl-phthalate

Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / TransferredIn general, the quantities of corresponding Class I Designated Chemical Substances released and transferred can be calculated using either the actual values or the measured values, as obtained by each company. However, in the event that these numeric values are difficult to determine, then it is acceptable to utilize either: industry average values, nominal values or the standard values set by machine manufacturers (the numeric values in red font), as listed in Table 6.(The particular values utilized must be clearly stated.)Table 6 Fundamental Data for Calculating the Quantities of Corresponding Class IDesignated Chemical Substances Released / Transferred Di-n-butyl-phthalateShown below are the flows for the release and transfer of di-n-butyl-phthalate.Di-n-butyl-phthalate is contained in the joint adhesive used during the conversion process and is present in wastewater subject to treatment. The quantity transferred can be calculated by following the procedures described below. Figure 9 Flows for Di-n-butyl-phthalate Released and Transferred Annual quantity handled Annual quantity released or transferred[Calculation Procedures]① Annual quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate handled= annual quantity of joint adhesive handled × di-n-butyl-phthalate content②Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate in the product= production volume of glue joint type corrugated × quantity of joint adhesive e applied × di-n-butyl-phthalate content of joint adhesive③Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate in corrugated waste= production volume of glue joint type corrugated × quantity of joint adhesive applied × percentage loss during the conversion process (glue joint type) ×di-n-butyl-phthalate content of joint adhesive④Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate from raw wastewater released from thewast ewater treatment process =①－(②+③)⑤Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate in the sludge discharged from the wastewater treatment process = ④⑥Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate transferred in waste = ⑤[Calculation Examples]<Input Data for Calculations>Note: Figures in red font represent industry average values / nominal valuesProduction volume of glue joint type corrugated:17,859,000 m2 / yearPercentage loss during the conversion process (glue joint type): 1%Annual quantity of joint adhesive handled: 13,800 (kg / year)Di-n-butyl-phthalate content of joint adhesive: 7.3%Quantity of joint adhesive applied (glue joint type only, including one-touch gluer):0.75 g / m2 = 0.00075 kg / m2<Calculation Results>① Annual quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate handled: 13,800kg / year × 0.073=1,007.4 kg / year(Annual quantity of joint adhesive handled × di-n-butyl-phthalate content)②Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate in the product= 17,859,000 m2 / year × 0.00075 kg / m2 × 0.073 = 977.8 kg / year(Production volume of glue joint type corrugated × quantity of joint adhesive applied × di-n-butyl-phthalate content of joint adhesive)③Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate in corrugated waste= 17,859,000 m2 / year × 0.00075 kg / m2 × 0.01 × 0.073 = 9.8 kg / year(Production volume of glue joint type corrugated × quantity of joint adhesive applied × percentage loss during the conversion process × di-n-butyl-phthalate content of joint adhesive)④Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate from raw wastewater released during the wastewater treatment process = 1,007.4-(987.6) = 19.8 kg / year{① － (② + ③)}⑤Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate in the sludge discharged from the wastewater treatment process = ④⑥Quantity of di-n-butyl-phthalate transferred in waste = ⑤ = 19.8 kg / year --If there is Copyright Dispute about the content, please Contact us to Delete.

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Equipments

Corrugator & Wet-End

Layers

Width

Speed

Corrugator Dry-End

Layers

Width

Speed

Corrugator Related Machine

Roll Stand

Pre-Heater

Single Facer

Corrugating Roll

Glue Kitchen

Splicer

Guiding System

Double Facer

Sheet Presser

Corrugator Conveying Belt

Engery System

Slitter Scorer

Cut Off

Stacker

Process Control System

Printer Slotter Die-cutter

Machine Transfer Way

Sheet Transfer Way

Printing Way

Graphic

Flexo Folder Gluer

Driven Way

Sheet Transfer Way

Printing Way

Digital Printer

Printing Way

Printing Ink

Printing Related

Conveyor system

Pre-feeder

Printing Unit

Mold Making

Stacking

Complete in-line exit

Flatbed Die-Cutting

Manual

Semi Automatic

Automatic

Folder Gluer

Operate Way

Special Function

Stitching Machine

Operate Way

Strapping Machine

Operate Way

Conveyor System

Conveyor Function

Stacker

Winding Equipment

Waste paper Baler Machine

Robot Palletizer

Box Making Machine

Parts

Blades

Additive

Printing Comsumable Material

G.D Toprint TP-CR-1224-2/3/4/5SDF Fully Computerized High Speed Flexo Folder Gluer

G.D Toprint TP-CR-0920-2/3/4SDF High Speed Flexo Folder Gluer Machine

6PAB Bottom Printing

8PA Bottom Printing

5PAB Bottom Printing

6PA Top Printing

N5 Flexo Printer In-Line

N9 Mini Flexo Folder Gluer

QS Series Fixed Type Servo Motor

JINCHANG automatic Flexo Folder Gluer

Basic practices about FFG maintenance

Characteristics of intelligent FFG and the differences from conventional ones

Daily spot inspection on FFG

What’s the different between Flexography, lithography and digital printing ?